SECTOR 1 Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 4.1 (2005 = 2.6; 2007 = 4.7; 2009 = 3.6; 2011 = 3.1) 1.2 The right to freedom of expression is practised and citizens, including journalists, are asserting their rights without fear. Freedom of expression is effectively exercised by citizens and by journalists, in particular in conventional media, above all in those which are not controlled directly or indirectly by public authorities, in community media (community radios in particular), on social media (Facebook and Twitter, more predominantly) and in some areas provided by platforms like Development Observatories and Open Presidencies. But there is nothing to indicate that citizens and jounralists are expressing themselves without fear, since there are many situations of ‘public repudiation’ of criticisms of the management of public affairs, repeatedly made, particularly in recent years, by the President of the Republic (PR) himself, Armando Guebuza, who is responsible, constitutionally, for promoting human rights, freedom of expression included. For the rest, the PR has been famous, in recent years, for descriptions of ‘prophets of doom’ and ‘nuts’ when reacting to his critics. In recent years, fear, even while being recognized as subjective, has increased, including in academic institutions. The recall of newspapers which were distributed during the political party’s charter meeting, and the ban imposed on a Radio Mozambique (RM) journalist from pursuing the function of correspondent of a foreign media body but which broadcasts and is watched in Mozambique; the transfer of public officials, particuarly professors, from one place to another remote place which is very far from the first place, mainly for having exercised their freedom of expression [political]; the ‘preventative censorship’ of external speakers from some universities; and the predominance of anonymous citizens taking part in interactive radio and television programmes about the government, even to expose situations in the public domain and which are apparently sympathetic in a AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER MOZAMBIQUE 2014 69