SECTOR 1 Freedom of expression, including freedom of the media, is effectively protected and promoted. 1.1 Freedom of expression, including freedom of the media, is guaranteed in the constitution and supported by other pieces of legislation. The Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique (CRM) specifically guarantees both freedom of expression and freedom of the press. In the initial part of its Article 3, the CRM establishes that “The Republic of Mozambique is a Constitutional State, based on pluralism of expression” which is subsequently reproduced by Article 48, also of basic law, and in its first point states that “All citizens have the right to freedom of expression, freedom of the press, as well as the right to information”. Specifically, freedom of the press is guaranteed, protected and promoted by Law No. 18/91, of August 10 (Press Law), which, although it was drawn up and approved in the context of a one party state, is at the moment formally opnening up to mutli-party democracy, with the approval of the CRM of 1990, and it establishes the basic principles and guidelines for the functioning of a pluralistic press. Among these various aspects, the Press Law guarantees the professional secrecy of the journalist, prohibits censorship, acknowledges creative freedom by journalists and generally allows them the possibility of providing proof when asked or legally required to do so, except when the complainant is the Head of State, which is fairly problematic. In addition to the CRM and the Press Law, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), which, in terms of Article 18 of the CRM, are in effect in Mozambique as Infraconstitutional laws, clearly protect and promote freedom of the press and freedom of expression. In addition, there is other legislation in effect in the country which protects and promotes these two basic freedoms, taking into account that it is reasonably felt to be open to access of information in the public interest. Included here is Law No. 14/2011 (Law of Administrative Procedure), Decree No. 30/2001 (Operating Standards of Public Administration), a Law for the Protection of Whistleblowers and the Law on the Right to Information [approved by the Assembly of the Republic (AR) on November 26 2014]. 68 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER MOZAMBIQUE 2014