enhancing accountability and transparency by security services when
discharging their functions.”[52]
4.7.8.

Hopefully this mechanism will likewise aid and supplement remedies for
victims of unlawful or otherwise wrongful interceptions and or surveillance.
As and when it becomes law.

4.11.

Protection from private interception|surveillance devices

4.11.1.

Whilst

the

Zimbabwe

Act

criminalises

the

unauthorized

interception|surveillance of communications, it appears to ignore the
prevalence of high level gadgets with such capacity that may be in the hands of
private citizens;
4.11.2. It is imperative that, if privacy of persons is to be protected to the maximum,
the law not only punishes unlawful interception|surveillance but also sanction
the possession, manufacture, sale or other distribution of apparatus with such
capacity;
4.12.

Protection of journalists’ sources

4.12.1. “61. (2) Every person is entitled to freedom of the media, which freedom
includes protection of the confidentiality of journalists’ sources of
information… (5) Freedom of expression and freedom of the media exclude
(a)

incitement to violence; (b) advocacy of hatred or hate speech; (c)

malicious injury to a person’s reputation or dignity; or (d)

malicious

or

unwarranted breach of a person’s right to privacy.”
4.12.2. "Media practitioners shall not be required to reveal confidential sources of
information or to disclose other material held for journalistic purposes except
in accordance with the following principles:
¬

the identity of the source is necessary for the investigation or prosecution of a

serious crime, or the defence of a person accused of a criminal offence;
¬

the information or similar information leading to the same result cannot be

obtained elsewhere;
¬

the public interest in disclosure outweighs the harm to freedom of expression; and

¬

disclosure has been ordered by a court, after a full hearing."[53]

Select target paragraph3