such as Microsoft’s 4Afrika initiative in Kenya which delivered broadband internet to rural parts of Kenya using previously unused broadcasting bandwidth. There is also need for longer distance connectivity which will link villages and neighbouring settlements to establish clear and convenient lines of communication. Joseph’s suggestion for sustainable progress requires a multi-stakeholder approach which incorporates community engagement, skills and workforce development and lastly, thought leadership. Asked by a participant how Murambinda Works covers its operational costs, Joseph stated that the organisation charges a nominal fee for some of the services they offer the community and these charges go towards the covering of operational costs. 03 Emilar Vushe-Gandhi – Facebook Emilar Vushe-Gandhi then spoke about what access means for her organisation, Facebook. Her talk was similar to Joseph’s in that she also highlighted similar barriers to internet access. The first hurdle she identified had to do with infrastructure development especially in areas which lie outside of urban areas. The lack of supporting infrastructure necessary to facilitate adequate internet access in rural areas perpetrates the urban-rural divide when it comes to internet access. Infrastructure also includes access to electricity, mobile network cell towers and almost none-existent fixed line networks in rural areas. Her second barrier to access was awareness of why access to the internet is a human right and how access to the internet is a direct contributor to the idea of self-development. The third barrier she identified to access was affordability. Affordability of access remains a challenge to most people in low income countries. What does affordable internet accessibility look like? According to the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) internet is affordable if 1GB of data costs no 34 Misa Zimbabwe Second Internet Governance Multi Stakeholder Conference 21 September 2017