(2) Angola suspends 3 TV channels for alleged improper registration https://cpj.org/2021/05/angola-suspends-3-tv-channels-for-alleged-improper-registration/ (3) Freedom in the world: Angola https://freedomhouse.org/country/angola/freedom-world/2022 (4) https://cpj.org/2021/04/angolan-editor-francisco-rasgado-facing-prison-1-5-million-damages-in-criminal-defamation-case/ BOTSWANA (1) https://www.irex.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2-Africa_08_botswana.pdf (2) BNF accuses state media of bias https://www.sundaystandard.info/bnf-accuses-state-media-of-bias/ (3) Public media bias worry MISA election observer mission https://www.sundaystandard.info/public-media-bias-worry-misa-election-observer-mission/ (4) The seven African governments using Israeli cyberespionage tools https://africanarguments.org/2021/02/the-seven-african-governments-using-israeli-cyberespionage-tools/ (5) MP Lucas Decries Btv Snub https://www.mmegi.bw/news/mp-lucas-decries-btv-snub/news (6) Africa Democracy Encyclopaedia Project: Botswana Mass Media (www) EISA,2021 https://www.eisa.org/wep/botmedia.htm (7) Botswana https://freedomhouse.org/country/botswana/freedom-world/2021 (8) https://twitter.com/officialmasisi/status/1181845508203188224 (9) https://m.facebook.com/theparrotonline/photos/pcb.1036845333483638/1036844986817006/?type=3&source=48 eSWATINI (1) AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER: ESWATINI 2018 http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/africa-media/16700.pdf (2) STATEMENT: CONCERN AS STATES CONTINUE TO USE TERRORISM LAWS TO INHIBIT FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND ACCESS TO INFORMATION (2021) https:// www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org/2021/09/27/concern-as-states-continue-to-use-terrorism-laws-to-inhibit-freedom-of-expression-and-access-to-information/ (3) Concerns on freedom of expression violations in Eswatini- Letter to King Mswati III (2021) https://misa.org/blog/concerns-on-freedom-of-expression-violations-in-eswatini-letter-to-king-mswati-iii/ (4) Police shoot at two journalists as Eswatini protests rage (2021) https://misa.org/blog/media_violations/police-shoot-at-two-journalists-as-eswatini-protests-rage/ (5) DIGITAL 2021: ESWATINI https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-eswatini LESOTHO (1) Growing pressure: Lesotho https://rsf.org/en/lesotho (2) Parliament adopts National media policy https://lesotho.misa.org/2021/11/30/parliament-adopts-national-media-policy/ (3) Media violations escalate sharply in Lesotho https://misa.org/blog/media-violations-escalate-sharply-in-lesotho/ (4) Irate Chief Justice Sakoane Expels Journalist From Court Over Scrutator https://lestimes.com/irate-chief-justice-sakoane-expels-journalist-from-court-over-scrutator/ (5) Low Internet penetration despite 90% 3G Coverage in Lesotho https://researchictafrica.net/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2017_Policy_Brief_5_Lesotho-.pdf (6) DIGITAL 2021: LESOTHO https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-lesotho (7) Lesotho parliamentary committee recommends withdrawal of Cybercrime Bill https://ifex.org/lesotho-parliamentary-committee-recommends-withdrawal-of-cybercrime-bill/ MALAWI (1) MISA Malawi end of 2020 statement Gains and losses for Media Freedom, ATI under the Tonse Administration | MISA Malawi (2) Media monitoring records, MISA Malawi (3) https://ifex.org/police-officers-assault-journalist-oliver-malibisa/#:~:text=On%20the%20morning%20of%20June,messaging%20app%2C%20and%20news%20 reports (4) Malawi’s Constitution of 1994- https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Malawi_2017.pdf?lang=en (5) Minister Chimwendo Banda’s facebook page (post on what?) https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=4336195523149503&id=100002772950455 (6) Centre for Human Rights and Rehabilitation, CHRR, Centre for Human Rights and Rehabilitation – Just another WordPress site (chrrmw.org), Centre For Democracy & Economic Development Initiatives (cdedimw.org) and Media Institute of Southern Africa, MISA Malawi, MISA Malawi | Promoting Free Expression in Malawi (7) Centre for Human Rights and Rehabilitation Statement titled (2020) “A call to the Chakwera administration to drop all court cases related to freedom of expression and to repeal all laws that suppress freedom of expression” available at??? last accessed at (January 24, 2022) (8) Centre For Democracy & Economic Development Initiatives – Everyone Counts (cdedimw.org) (9) Centre for the Development of the People statement, titled “Mr. President Walk the Talk On Your Promise to Repeal Draconian Laws” (January 22, 2022) (10) MISA Malawi state calling on the Malawi Government to sign the Declaration of Table Mountain (January 24, 2022) (11) Malawi Penal Code (Chapter 18:03) (12) MISA Malawi Statement titled “Gains and losses for Media Freedom, Access to Information under the Tonse Administration, Jan 1, 2021 (13) Malawi Human Rights Report titled ‘Investigation Report into the Alleged Sexual Harassment of Female Employees of Malawi Broadcasting Corporation By Mr. Aubrey Sumbuleta’ March, 2021- http://www.mhrcmw.org/mhrc/sites/default/files/02-04-%2021-%20FINAL%20 MBC%20REPORT.pdf (14) https://rsf.org/en/malawi (15) https://ipi.media/malawi-recent-detentions-of-journalists-overshadow-positive-press-freedom-image/ STATE OF PRESS FREEDOM IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REPORT 2021 73 References