STATE OF PRESS FREEDOM IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REPORT 2021 72 References https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/cyber-stalking-analysis-online-harassment-and-intimidation (7) Trolling - is an act designed to provoke reactions from readers by deliberately making inflammatory statements; European Institute for Gender Equality https:// eige.europa.eu/thesaurus/terms/1487 (8) Doxing is the act of accessing personal information, such as contact details or bank records, utilising online platforms or ICT tools and posting them publicly for malicious intent.US Department of Homeland Security ‘How to Prevent Online Harassment from “Doxxing”’ https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/How%20 to%20Prevent%20Online%20Harrassment%20From%20Doxxing.pdf (9) UN Women ‘Online and ICT facilitated violence against women and girls during COVID-19’https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Attachments/ Sections/Library/Publications/2020/Brief-Online-and-ICT-facilitated-violence-against-women-and-girls-during-COVID-19-en.pdf (10) G Daniels and T Nyamweda ‘Glass Ceilings: Women in South African media houses 2018 Introducing a new Chapter on Cyber Misogyny‘ Gender Links https://www. researchgate.net/publication/333973158_Glass_Ceilings_Women_in_South_African_media_houses_2018_Introducing_a_new_chapter_on_Cyber_Misogyny (11) As in 10 above (12) ‘Protecting women journalists essential for democracy, media freedom’ News 24 https://www.news24.com/news24/columnists/guestcolumn/wil- liam-bird-and-avani-singh-protecting-women-journalists-essential-for-democracy-media-freedom-20210810 (13) As in 12 above (14) R Davis ‘EFF court losses mount as Karima Brown wins battle, but faces criticism of her own’ Daily Maverick https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-06-06-effcourt-losses-mount-as-karima-brown-wins-battle-but-faces-criticism-of-her-own/ (15) F Haffajee ‘Ferial you deserve a bullet in the head’ Huffington Post https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/ferial-haffajee/ferial-you-deserve-a-bullet-in-the- head_a_23461346/ (16) S Rao & YR Gumede ‘Gazing past the glass ceiling: Indian and South African female journalists’ perceptions of their role and power in the newsroom Global Media and Communication’ (2020) 16(1) Global Media and Communication 57-74. (17) UNESCO ‘ The Chilling: Global trends in online violence against women journalists’ UNESCO https://en.unesco.org/publications/thechilling (18) International Federation of Journalists ‘ Botswana: Politician ridicules female journalist on social media’ 26 June https://www.ifj.org/fr/salle-de-presse/nouvelles/detail/category/gender-equality/article/botswana-politician-ridicules-female-journalist-on-social-media.html (19) https://malawi24.com/2019/01/23/women-protest-against-political-violence/ (20) MISA ‘The State of Press Freedom in Southern Africa 2019-2020’ http://www.africanplatform.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Southern_Africa_Press_Freedom_report_2019-2020.pdf (21) ISOC Namibia https://twitter.com/ISOCNamibia/status/1425366248867651588?s=20 (22) ISOC Namibia https://twitter.com/ISOCNamibia/status/1460534242983751682?s=20 (23) ISOC Namibia https://twitter.com/ISOCNamibia/status/1460143513606266883?s=20 (24) ISOC Namibia https://twitter.com/ISOCNamibia/status/1460875830347939841?s=20 (25) Betty Davids Wins Court Case Against Imms’ Nalebrity https://nalebrity.com/betty-davids-wins-court-case-against-imms (26) N Gervasius Facebook Post https://www.facebook.com/NashilongoG/posts/555376298693836 (27) The Namibian Facebook post https://www.facebook.com/TheNamibianNewspaper/photos/a.287882347907943/3066203926742424/?comment_ id=3066248040071346 (28) SS Gawanas https://twitter.com/sadegawanas/status/1334757912061861889?s=12 (29) Ask Muvi TV ‘Iris Kaingu talks about her sextape’ https://www.facebook.com/askmuvi/videos/iris-kaingu-talks-about-her-sextape/3171189796324445/. (30) Zed Turn ‘Mwizukanji Receives K50,000 Cash Settlement From A Person Who Defamed Her On Facebook’ https://www.zedturn.com/mwizukanji-receives-k50000cash-settlement-from-a-person-who-defamed-her-on-facebook/ (31) Amnesty International ‘Human Rights in Africa: Review of 2019-Mozambique’ https://www.ecoi.net/de/dokument/2028283.html#_ftn2 (32) Deutsche Welle (WE) ‘Mozambique: CIP demands impeachment of Frelimo Deputy’ https://www.dw.com/pt-002/mo%C3%A7ambique-cip-exige-cas- sa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-de-deputada-da-frelimo/a-48677881 (33) Amnesty International ‘Mozambique: Human Rights Defender facing threats online: Fatima Mimbire’ 29 January 2019 ttps://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ afr41/9744/2019/en/ (34) A Frey ‘Mozambique: Human Rights Defender facing threats online: Fatima Mimbire’ Club of Mozambique 30 January 2019 https://clubofmozambique.com/news/ mozambique-woman-human-rights-defender-facing-threats-online-fatima-mimbire/ (35) Freedom House ‘ Freedom in the World 2021: Angola’ https://freedomhouse.org/country/angola/freedom-world/2021 (36) As in 34 above (37) Freedom on the net 2017 - Angola https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/1418258.html (38) Information shared by Nompilo Simanje - Legal and ICT Policy Officer MISA-Zimbabwe in interview responses shared with the researcher of this report. (39) Youth Village ‘Misred, Zuva and Pokello become latest victims of cyber bullying’ https://youthvillage.co.zw/2020/04/misred-zuva-and-pokello-become-latest-victims-of-cyber-bullying/ (40) Information submitted by Sexual Rights Centre, Director, Musa Sibindi. Sextortion (41) Interview responses submitted to the researcher by Samuel Matsikure, Programs Officer - GALZ. (42) as in 40 above (43) UNESCO ‘The Chilling: Global trends in online violence against women journalists’ 2021 https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377223 (accessed 3 November 2021). (44) African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information principle 20(6) COUNTRY REPORTS ANGOLA (1) Angola: Minttics Slams Intimidation, Threats Against Journalists https://allafrica.com/stories/202109130543.html