SECTOR 2 2.5 Adequate competition legislation/regulation seeks to prevent media concentration and monopolies. There are no large press groups in Togo. Concentration is practically non-existent in the media environment. Several laws have provided for safeguards in this regard. According to subparagraph 2 of Article 4 of the Press Code quoted by a panel member, “no natural or legal person will be allowed to have direct or indirect control over more than 20% of publications or of radio or television channels” Furthermore, the organic Law instituting the HAAC provides that it is not possible to create two radio or television stations simultaneously. Article 5 of the radio specifications stipulates: “... At least 51% of the share capital must be held by nationals, 80% of the staff must be made up of Togolese nationals. Shares in a private radio or television company must be held by a registered shareholder. No person may be a majority shareholder in more than one private radio or television broadcasting company.” Act nº 99-011 of December 28, 1999 governing competition in Togo, makes no reference to competition in the media. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 84 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER TOGO 2017 4.3 (2013 = 2.6; 2010 = 3.7)