SECTOR 4 make the ends tie.” In this regard, having the evidence to substantiate the story is critical. The degree of self-censorship that takes place depends largely on the management. “If you have a supportive management and practice, it usually helps give reporters confidence.” While self-censorship is often prompted by the political and commercial pressure noted above, as well as by considerations for personal risk, it is also true that journalists might censor themselves based on who they are writing about. “As a journalist, you build friendships with the newsmakers, and you might censor stories that put those friends in a negative light.” Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 3.0 (2012 = 1.8; 2010 = 2.0; 2007 = 2.0) 4.7 Media professionals have access to training facilities offering formal qualification programmes as well as opportunities to upgrade skills. Several institutions of higher learning offer formal qualification programmes in media-related subjects. Makerere University’s Department of Mass Communications offers degree programmes, (e.g. in Mass Communications or in Journalism), as well as diplomas (for example in environmental reporting). The Uganda Christian University in Mukono also offers a Bachelor Degree in Mass Communications. “Overall, there is a need for more formal qualification programmes.” “The universities do well to prepare them for the job. Maybe not in terms of practical training, but their programmes do enhance their ability to work through a story.” In regard to practical training “there is a need to try to create space for AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER UGANDA 2016 73