CHAPTER 5: SIGNIFICANT THEMES opportunities. Furthermore, social media usage and influence had grown, and civil society organisations’ advocacy capacity had increased. Negative developments included clampdowns on the media following a change in government in 2013, increased commercialisation of the media which undermined its developmental and informational roles, increased state interference and censorship of the media due to security and terrorism concerns, greater political capture of the media, a narrow range of voices in the media, online hate speech and political incitement, and the narrowing of access to the media because of the costs associated with digital migration. Recommendations included documentation of the activities and programmes in the media sector, training for journalists focusing on emerging issues, the media and CSOs to work together to strengthen media freedom and impact policy-making, strengthening the institutional and advocacy capacity of journalistic organisations, journalistic groups to engage citizens about the role of the media in society, and improving training and capacity building for journalists. It also recommended strengthening internal dialogue, consultation and networking among media sector players to improve research and advocacy for the media and freedom of expression, as well as the need for fesmedia Africa to lead the campaign on access to information and media freedom. Lesotho 2012 AMB This AMB noted the increased use of digital media and popularity of private radio stations, the passage of an enabling Communications Act, and the introduction of new radio stations. The major challenges include the Minister of Communications’ control over the appointment of board members at regulatory bodies. Recommendations included establishing self-regulatory mechanisms, awareness training regarding the Communications Act, and training opportunities for journalists. 2015 AMB Positive developments mentioned in this AMB included an increase in civil society action, an increase in radio stations and newspapers, increased access to the internet, and the creation of the Broadcasting Dispute Resolution Panel. Negative developments included restrictions on freedom of expression, political polarisation of the media, increased intimidation of journalists by defence forces, limited protection for journalists, corruption in the media and limited training 29 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER 11 YEARS IN REVIEW