State of Broadcasting and
Digital Migration in the Region

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This may mean that even with a multiplicity
of channels, television can still disseminate
information that carries agendas that are elitist
and are not meant to give the citizen freedom of
choice as far as which information to consume/
not consume is concerned.

a Zimbabwean filmmaker expressed her
reservations with the sincerity of the Zimbabwean
government when it comes to granting citizens
the right of access to information and freedom of
information, she, as an article of faith, observed
that digital migration may actually allow citizens
to enjoy those rights:

Earlier on in this paper, a question was asked:
digital migration is appearing as a solution to
which problem? The implication is that digital
migration is coming as a cure to the violation
of citizens’ rights of access to information and
freedom of information. Yet, as one respondent
observed, this might not be the main reason:
The aim of the digital migration may not be as
driven by social justice of universal access to
information imperatives as possibly currently
claimed, but rather by profit motives within the
political economy within the media industry…
In most cases the interest of the public is not of
top priority because of the commercial aspect.23
This same sentiment is echoed by Berger who
posits that “there is a grave lack of understanding
about the First World character of the drivers
behind the process, and their inapplicability
to African conditions.”24 Berger’s observation
points to a scenario where the benefits of digital
migration are not clear-cut and are made to
remotely suggest a democratic opening up of
airwaves when, in fact, it has to do with first
world countries looking for a market for gadgets,
which is what Berger meant by “the First World
character of the drivers behind the process”.
However, despite these challenges that will
potentially affect the enjoyment of the right of
access to information and freedom of
information after digital migration, there is
also a belief that digital migration will enable
citizens to enjoy these democratic rights. While

The shift from analogue to digital broadcasting
brings about pluralism in the media industries.
It gives room for many media players to operate
because digitalisation enables so many media
channels to operate on one analogue spectrum.
In other words, digitalisation necessitates the
compression of many channels on a single
spectrum. Pluralism is important because it
brings about diversity because the audience will
have the opportunity to receive information
from a variety of media houses. It is also a
constitutional right as stated in Chapter 4 section
61 of the constitution of Zimbabwe.25
Casting the benefits of digitalisation wider to the
global context of inequalities, the respondent
pointed out that Western countries have a
hegemony on information dissemination that
makes them disseminate not just information, but
their biases, beliefs and values. “Digitalisation
makes it easy for the Africans in the SADC
region to access information from the African
television channels that tell a story from an
African point of view,” opined the respondent. In
an age when satellite receptors are dominated by
Western television channels because of the fact
that Africa has fewer TV channels due to the
limitations of analogue signals, the observation
of this informant certainly deserves attention.
A lecturer at a local polytechnic also supported
the idea that digital migration, if followed by
sincere government policies on broadcasting,

23Semi-structured interview with a Media practitioner from South Africa, held on 12/12/20.
24G. Berger, 2010. Challenges and Perspectives of Digital Migration for African Media. Dakar: Panos Institute of West Africa, p. 22.
25Semi-structured interview with a Zimbabwean filmmaker held on 13/12/2020.

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