https://zimbabwe.misa.org

The internet is No-Man’s-Land. I mean, I have
created my own YouTube account and started
posting stuff and people started following
me and reposting my stuff, downloading the
videos and posting them on other social medial
platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp. Where
is the regulator in that? Because for me, if the
national broadcaster cannot be pluralistic, how
do we know that the government that controls
the national broadcaster will become pluralistic
because of digital migration? How many
journalists have been arrested or abducted for
merely posting vital information on Twitter
concerning government shenanigans? They
arrested Hopewell Chin’ono twice, didn’t they?
19
Do you think such a government will ever
allow access to information and freedom of
information just because of the so-called digital
migration? 20
However, even though analogue broadcasting
has been beleag uered by gover nments’
restrictions on citizens’ right of access to
information and freedom of information,
there is expectation that digital migration may
consequently make SADC governments run out
of reasons not to democratise broadcasting space
once the requisite advantages of digital migration
are in motion. However, there is no evidence
that governments will change their tactics just
because digital migration has made them run
out of reasons for restricting media freedoms.
Section 61 (3) of the Zimbabwean Constitution
is currently not being enjoyed by Zimbabwean
citizens to the extent that even community
broadcasting stations are finding it difficult
to acquire licences. It is not obvious that once
digitalisation occurs such hurdles will disappear.

State of Broadcasting and
Digital Migration in the Region

Zimbabwe Association of Community Radios
(ZACRAS) expressed its concerns concerning the
hurdles encountered in registering community
radios. In a congratulatory statement to the
recently appointed board of the Broadcasting
Regulatory Authority, ZACRAS expressed how
it looks forward to an environment in which
restrictions are done away with.
The fact that ZACRAS indicated that the licensing
of community radios is a longstanding dream
that should be fulfilled in a non-partisan and
non-discriminatory manner means that all
along the process may have been partisan and
discriminatory leading to it being an unfulfilled
dream. The setting up of the Broadcasting
Authority of Zimbabwe Board, just like digital
migration, does not necessarily mean that this
partisan and discriminatory approach will
end. 21
Digital migration will lead to more TV channels,
thus widening the public sphere. While this is
true, studies have shown that the public sphere
is elitist: certain voices have more hegemony
over others. The media has widely been used to
disseminate elitist information and influence the
formation, expression and consumption of public
opinion. The role of gatekeepers and tastemakers
become clear here. The public sphere is therefore
not a level field. This sentiment was echoed by a
final year media student from Zimbabwe who
observed that:
While digitalisation may also widen the public
sphere, enabling people to discuss the issues of
concern and leading to the formation of a public
opinion, not everyone is going to have access
to the public sphere as it appears to be elitist.22

19The investigative journalist, Hopewell Chin’ono, was arrested on trumped-up charges and incarcerated twice.
20Semi-structured interview with Zimbabwean content creator, held on 14/12/2020.
21The board comprises Ambassador Bornface Guwa Chidyausiku, Tendai Karonga, V-MakamureNduna, Vimbai Nyakudya, Chief
Mabikwa, Oliver Mandipaka, Rodney Mazeyewe, Victoria Spiwe Mamvura, Jonathan Mapinda, Audrey Chihota and Jennifer Chakanyuka.
22Semi-structured interview with a final year Media and Journalism student from a Zimbabwean University.

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