Finally, the technological environment witnessed a significant infringement on the freedom of expression (online) when government implemented a partial internet shutdown from 12th-14th August. The shut-down had several consequences such as the disruption of business and commercial operations that rely on the internet, security compromise as citizens resorted to the use of VPNs- especially free versions and increased spread of false news/speculation. On a positive note, the technological environment witnessed extensive use of digital tools for election campaigning and media communication as well as a slight increase in the number of media outlets. Overall, the quarter did not witness any extreme, significant developments, save the technological environment. This shows a continuation of similar trends from the second quarter. 5.0. Recommendations i. Safeguarding the sustainability of media enterprises Given the negative economic trends observed throughout the year and the fluctuations during the quarter under review, it is critical that financial support initiatives are created for the media sector. Deliberate moves must be taken through the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting to develop a package of incentives such as tax and non-tax considerations in the 2022 budget. These could include waivers on broadcast and ICT equipment for media purposes and tax exemptions to help the sector recover. ii. Public media reform There is need to reform the state media houses into public media that truly represent the wider society, including divergent views, even those deemed to be critical of the State. There should be reform of the board appointment processes and governance model to guarantee autonomy and independence, there must be review of the funding mechanism to ensure sustainability. iii. Need for professionalism and adherence to media ethics 38