Swaziland Possible obstacles for further development: • Parliament: despite the adoption of the Constitution, Parliament has demonstrated opposition to freedom of expression and media freedom, in particular. For example, there have been two parliamentary investigations into journalists who criticised public officials or institutions. In addition, politicians generally assume they ought to sue for defamation when criticised in the media for the performance of their public duties. • Individual ministries that try to hamper media activity; e.g. Ministry of Health recently barred journalists from entering government hospitals. • The Media Commission Draft Bill, which is an attempt by the Ministry of Public Service and Information (MOPSI) to introduce statutory regulation. • The consultation process on the six media bills has been poorly managed by the consultant and, so far, not included all stakeholders. Stakeholders who participated and expressed their dissatisfaction with the draft bills and the consultant have not been informed by the MOPSI as to how the process will move forward. • The lack of law reform. All 32 media unfriendly laws identified by MISA Swaziland in 2003 remain on the statute books and need to be systematically repealed or amended to bring them into line with the Constitution. However, there is no Media Reform Commission to spearhead this. • Certain cultural expectations (e.g. do not question or criticise those in authority), which suppress freedom of expression and media freedom. 46 African Media Barometer - Swaziland 2007