2.8.1. This is the law that regulates the civil justice system of Zimbabwe regarding
the collection, treatment and admissibility of evidence in civil matters such as
contractual disputes, family law disputes and other matters not regulated by
the criminal law;
2.8.2. The elements of surveillance in this regard include but are not limited to the
conducting of civil trials in public and the preservation and accessibility of civil
court records;
2.8.3. Most court records of the outcomes of civil dispute resolution proceedings are
regarded as public information available for inspection; [17]
2.9. Interception of Communications Act [Chapter 11:20]
2.9.1.

This Act outlaws the interception or surveillance of communications other
than in accordance with the provisions of the Act itself;[18]

2.9.2. Any evidence obtained by way on an unlawful interception or surveillance of
communication is not admissible evidence in a criminal trial; [19]
2.9.3.

It further provides for the circumstances in which the interception or
surveillance of communications is lawful such as when the person intercepting
the communication is a party to the communication, or the communication is
intercepted with the consent of the recipient or sender of the communication,
or where there is a warrant for such interception or surveillance;

2.9.4. The act then lays out the procedure for the application of an interception or
surveillance of communication warrant by authorized persons which is made
to a Minister upon showing the required circumstances for its issue;
2.9.5. An interception warrant may be issued and is valid for three months if there
are reasonable grounds for the Minister to believe that a serious offence by an
organised criminal group has been or is being or will probably be committed,
or that an offence referred to in the Third Schedule [20] or in paragraph 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 of the Ninth Schedule[21] to the Criminal Procedure and Evidence
Act [Chapter 9:07] has been or is being or will probably be committed , or for the
gathering of information concerning an actual threat to national security or to
any compelling national economic interest, or for gathering of information
concerning a potential threat to public safety or national security;

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