SECTOR 4 Finally, the risks related to the profession are generally not taken into account. The recent (and still ongoing) political crisis, in particular the scenes of violence experienced on a daily basis in 2009, showed the extent of the threat to which journalists are exposed in the course of their work. Article 83 of Ordinance 92039 states: “For missions inevitably involving real dangers, especially in cases of riots, civil wars, wars or military operations, or carried out in areas where there is an epidemic or a natural disaster, the company must enter into a contract with an authorized insurance agency to cover exceptional risks faced by an agent”. Nevertheless, provision of insurance coverage is rare. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator. 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 2.2 (2006 = n/a; 2008 = n/a) 4.9 Media professionals have access to training facilities offering formal qualification programmes as well as opportunities to upgrade skills. There is a journalism programme at the University of Antananarivo, but there are no in-service or refresher training courses. Internal training policies do not exist and training is offered on a piecemeal basis and on impulse. No qualified institution offers training in journalism that is up to standard and most journalists, even the best, are trained on the job. Refresher courses to bring practitioners up to speed with technical and other advances in the profession are very rare, and this results in serious shortcomings. Panel members underlined the need for in-service training and the creation of a centre dedicated to the promotion of the media and journalism. This is not the first time that such hopes have been expressed, but they are yet to materialise and not likely to do so in the near future, given the current crisis. 122 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER MADAGASCAR 2010