References [1] For a detailed discussion please see the following: [1] Raftopoulos, B. (2014). Zimbabwean politics in the post-2013 election period. Africa Spectrum, 49(2), 91-103; [2] See Sachikonye, L. and Raftopoulos, B., 2018. Building from the rubble: The labour movement in Zimbabwe since 2000. African Books Collective or Masunungure, V. ed., 2020. Zimbabwe's Trajectory: Stepping Forward or Sliding Back. African Books Collective. [3] Chirimambowa T and Chitapi T. “New Actors and Social Bases in Zimbabwe’s Reconfigured Economy: Some Notes for Civil Society”. Forthcoming. [4] Question: Which of the following best describes the EA? [5] Question: Which of the following do you use the most in your life? [6] A weekly radio talk show hosted by Tilda Moyo on Star FM Zimbabwe that deals with issues that are considered as taboo in Zimbabwean society. [7] Afrobarometer (2022). Most Zimbabweans want free media as watchdog over government [8] Ibid. [9] Afrobarometer (2023). Most Zimbabweans want free media as watchdog over government. Dispatch No.660. [10] Kemp. “Digital 2023: Zimbabwe.” [11] VOA. (2023). Radio Still Big in Zimbabwe, Continent. https://www.voaafrica.com/a/radio-still-big-in-zimbabwe-continent-/7023836.html [12] Afrobarometer (2023). Most Zimbabweans want free media as watchdog over government. Dispatch No.660. [13] AD367: Radio tops Zimbabweans’ news sources – except for ‘other people’ Anyway Chingwete and Stephen Ndoma 16 Jun 2020 Zimbabwe. https://www.afrobarometer. org/publication/ad367-radio-tops-zimbabweans-news-sources-except-other-people/ [14] Unsuccessful applicants include AB Communications’ Flex TV, Alpha Media Holdings’ HStv, Blackbury Enterprises (Pvt) Ltd’s Blackbury TV, Conduit Investments (Pvt) Ltd’s Conduit TV Station, Just in Time TV (Pvt) Ltd’s JIT TV, Medianet Productions (Pvt) Ltd’s Sunrise TV and Meditation Investments (Pvt)’s Zim News Channel. [15] Jason Lambert and Michelle Foster (2021). The Business Environment for News Media in Zimbabwe: 2021. [16] Chitapi T and Chirimambowa TC (2020) Access to media and media usage in rural Zimbabwe. MISA and KAF. (unpublished) [17] https://media.africaportal.org/documents/ad367-crisis_communication_in_zimbabwe-afrobarometer-15june20.pdf [18] Bodomo, A. (2013). African diaspora remittances are better than foreign aid funds. World Economics, 14(4), 21-29. [19] The Zimbabwe All Media and Products Survey (ZAMPS) is a survey commissioned by the media, advertising, marketing and public relations industries who want to know more about what people watch, read and listen and which products they buy. [20] Question: Which sites or apps do you have a profile or account on that you STILL use? [Read out options. Allow for multiple responses. IF NECESSARY - You said you had a profile or account on a social media site or app. This would be a page or profile that you created and which you still use] [21] Question: Which social media do you use the most? [22] Abbott et al., (2020) Media in Zimbabwe [23] IRI. (2023). Zimbabwe 2023 Elections: A Risk Assessment of the Online Information Space. https://www.iri.org/resources/zimbabwe-2023-elections-a-risk-assessment-of- the-online-information-space/ [24] Datareportal, 2023. Available at: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-zimbabwe [25] Anonymous. Personal interview. 9 May 2023; Anonymous. Personal interview. 10 May 2023. Personal interview 15 May 2023, Personal interview 24 May 2023. [26] “About Fact-Checking on Facebook and Instagram.” Meta, Accessed 23 Jun. 2023, facebook.com/business/help/2593586717571940? id=673052479947730 [27] Kemp. “Digital 2023: Zimbabwe.” [28] Datareportal, 2023. Available at: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-zimbabwe [29] IRI. (2023). Zimbabwe 2023 Elections: A Risk Assessment of the Online Information Space. https://www.iri.org/resources/zimbabwe-2023-elections-a-risk-assessment-of- the-online-information-space/ [30] Fairbanks, Eve. “We’re in Denial About the True Cost of a Twitter Implosion.” Wired, 2 Dec. 2022, wired.com/story/musk-denial-true-cost-twitter-implosion/ [31] Kemp. “Digital 2023: Zimbabwe.” https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-zimbabwe [32] https://www.start.io/audience/tiktok-users-in-zimbabwe [33] Chitapi T and Chirimambowa TC (2020) Access to media and media usage in rural Zimbabwe. MISA and KAF. (unpublished) [34] Available at: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/zimbabwe_media_and_telecoms_final_210911.pdf [35] https://media.africaportal.org/documents/ad367-crisis_communication_in_zimbabwe-afrobarometer-15june20.pdf [36] Question: Which of the following are you interested in? [Read out options. Allow for multiple Responses] [37] Question: People might have different reasons for following news, what are your reasons? [38] Question: How often do you get news from the following sources? [39] Datareportal (2023). Digital 2023: Zimbabwe. Available at: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-zimbabwe#:~:text=There%20were%205.74%20million%20inter- net%20users%20in%20Zimbabwe%20in%20January,percent)%20between%202022%20and%202023. [40] Ibid [41] Chari T. (2013). Online News Media Consumption Cultures Among Zimbabwean Citizens: Home and Away. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237840967 [42] Question: How much do you trust each of the following sources of information? 35