Debate and discussion platforms, which include representatives of all shades of political opinion, experts and civil society representatives should be organised. As far as possible, and especially in the electronic media (including presidential or prime ministerial), candidates should be given an opportunity to debate with each other in moderated programmes. c) Use of Language Media must, without censoring and undermining freedom of expression of anyone, avoid and preclude the use of language which constitutes hate speech incites violence or promotes stereotypes. d) Right of reply A fair opportunity to reply to inaccuracies and allegations contained in a report that has been broadcast or published should be given to aggrieved individuals or organisations. The right of reply must be given in a timely manner and in a similar programme and with respect to the print media in space of appropriate prominence. e) Diversity and Confidentiality of Sources The media have an obligation to reflect the diversity and plurality of voices in society in its coverage including those of marginalised groups. Reporting should be gender-balanced and sensitive, treating men and women equally as news sources and subjects. 6R7KLVLV'HPRFUDF\" Confidentiality of sources must be protected by the media (whereby the journalist knows the identity of the source even when not revealing it). Whenever possible the media should refrain from using anonymous sources (whereby the journalist does not know the identity of the source). The principle of multiple sources to verify information and facts applies. The media should recognise their obligation to the electorate to provide a full and accurate record of events and developments. It is critically important that media proactively seek information from political parties and not wait for information to be delivered to them. Failure to do so will give parties with greater resources inequitable amounts of news coverage. f) Media Public Accountability In ensuring their responsibility to the voters and exercising their right to freedom of expression, journalists shall respect the rights, integrity and reputation of others in terms of these guidelines as well as codes of conduct established by self-regulatory bodies. 5HSRUWLQJRQHOHFWLRQ REVHUYHUVDQGHOHFWLRQ PRQLWRUV Journalists are expected to distinguish between Election Observation being the information gathering, fact finding and reporting on the credibility, legitimacy and transparency of the electoral proc-