=DPELD to journalist found wanting for flouting journalism ethics. This mechanism is preferred because it is less susceptible to manipulation from the three wings of government, which the media watch over. With this in mind, the Zambian media was forced to register ZAMEC under the Companies Act as opposed to the Societies Act, which requires the line Ministry, in this case the Ministry of Information, to endorse its registration. However, while it was registered, it could not begin operations as the then government threatened to pull out all state-owned media if made operational without government’s views being taken into consideration. The proposal of the government was that the self-regulatory body needed to be under an act of parliament like it is for the Law Association of Zambia. While ZAMEC was launched in July 2012, it is still not operational because its articles of association were not in line with the law it was registered under. This meant that the Articles of Association had to be reviewed while a board, which had been launched, was dissolved. This was to ensure that articles of association were in line with the Act under which ZAMEC was registered. At the close of 2012, the review of the constitution had reached an ad- 6R7KLVLV'HPRFUDF\" vanced stage meaning that the operationalisation of ZAMEC was also at the brink of the horizon. The government, however, did indicate during its launch that if the media failed to establish an effective media regulatory body, it could be forced to initiate measures to address the gap regarding to media professionalism oversight. ,&7VDQG7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ 'HYHORSPHQW 2012 also saw Zambia launch mobile television by a mobile and landline telephone provider Zambia Telecommunications Company (ZAMTEL). Viewers could now watch ZNBC and Muvi Television on their mobile phones. The subscribers could access such services using Android-powered and third generation (3G) capable mobile handsets. Further, the strength of online publications, such as The Zambian Watchdog, grew and became news leaders for most of the media. As of December 2012, Zambia had over 100 registered bloggers while online media kept on increasing but few, such as the Lusaka Times, continued to be sources of news especially to news consumers with access to inter-