Section 19 of this same law guarantees journalists free access to information
sources: “In the exercise of their functions, journalists are guaranteed the right of
access to information sources”.
The law also provides journalists with the right not to reveal confidential
sources. This is supported by section 20, paragraph 1, which reads as follows:
“Journalists are not obliged to reveal their information sources. Their silence shall
not be sanctioned directly or indirectly or held against them as an aggravating
circumstance”. However, paragraph 3 of this same section cautions that “the right
to confidentiality of an information source does not preclude civil or criminal
responsibility or the burden of proof ”. What this means is that, in effect, although
journalists may not be legally required to disclose their information sources, it is
possible that under cross examination, before a judge in a court of law, they may be
forced to do so if the burden of proof is placed upon them.
The media in Angola are characterised by an pluralism and diversity, offering the
public a relatively wide range of choice regarding print and broadcasting outlets.
Nevertheless, the law lacks regulations with respect to the community media
sector.
There has been an increase in the number of newspapers in recent years; there are
private radio stations as well as at least one private television station.
Considering all these developments it is safe to conclude that Angola has at its
disposal all the necessary ingredients for the unobstructed exercise of freedom of
expression and freedom of the press. However, as was often pointed out during
the AMB discussion, the excellent legal provisions do not necessarily translate
into practice.
Various factors play a role in ensuring that not all rights provided for in the
constitution and the Press Law are fully taken advantage of, even though there are
notable efforts in order to improve this situation. Some provisions of the Press Law
still remain unregulated. On the other hand, there are laws which unreasonably
interfere with press freedom. One such law is Law number 10/02, of 16 August,
officially known as the State Secrets Act.
Paragraph 1 of section 2 of this piece of legislation stipulates that “documents
and information that are likely to put at risk or to cause damage to national
independence, unity and the integrity of the state as well as its internal and
external security are considered to be state secrets”.
Paragraph 3 of this same section lists a total of nine categories of documents
and types of information which can fall under the category of state secrets. They
include:
a) Documents and information that are transmitted, confidentially, by foreign
states or international organisations;

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