01 Dumisani Nkala, TELCO ZIMBABWE Dumisani Nkala spoke about the politics of access as seen through the eyes of an Internet Service Provider. She shared an interesting study from the Word Bank which shows the direct link between ICT development and economic growth. That is, for every 10% increase in a country’s high speed internet connections, that country’s economic growth increases by an estimated 1,3%. This means that access to the Internet is not an end in itself but access to the Internet has a ripple effect which results in economic growth. She highlighted that since 2014, the number of users accessing the Internet via 3G and 4G mobile internet has risen significantly. 3G and 4G internet access in Zimbabwe is now the popular choice for the majority of internet users. ADSL and Fibre access are the second and third choices respectively. Various factors contribute to the popularity of mobile internet over fixed line internet, for example, fixed line internet usually 32 Misa Zimbabwe Second Internet Governance Multi Stakeholder Conference 21 September 2017 comes to the home either via the landline/telephone or by fibre; both scenarios usually require either home ownership or a long term lease over the property where the fixed line service is to be installed. In Zimbabwe’s urban areas the majority of people do not own the properties they stay in. The initial costs of accessing the internet through fixed line services are also higher than the price of an entry level smartphone which is capable of accessing the internet. Despite its popularity Dumisani says that mobile will not replace fixed line communication anytime soon, especially in light of the increase in fibre to home connections slowly being rolled out around Zimbabwe. Dumisani stated that three factors were needed to contribute to positive economic growth, namely policy, investment, and technology. The policy issues she identified included the implementation of obsolete policies which for example, attempt to regulate