Table 8 Evaluation of sources of external value associated with digital dividend Social value Digital terrestrial transmission Wireless broadband 1. citizen education ** *** 2. cultural exchange ** *** 3. social inclusion * *** 4. sustainable development * ** 5. regional development ** *** 6. health public services * *** 7. competitive advantage *** *** 8. research and development ** *** Key: extend of social value is rated between zero and three stars. Zero= negligible or no value. *** = significant positive social value 19 Implications of DTT migration on broadcasting and communications industries in Zimbabwe The DTT migration brings the following benefits and opportunities to the industry: • • Good quality clear picture which enhances viewing pleasure Shortage of spectral space has been used as an excuse to deny new players in the broadcasting industry. DTT creates plenty of spectral space and there is no more reason to shut out new entrants • • More players imply diversity of content and opinions, market competition and innovation depending on composition of the new players Plurality of players creates demand for local content production, and this galvanises local film industry and local content producers • There is great opportunity for empowerment of youths through installation, distribution and servicing of STBs • There is scope for broadcasters and operators to offer new services that generate new revenue streams such as: • Pay TV services through conditional access (CAS) • Data services eg weather services, stock markets, enhanced teletext etc • New reception modes possible with DTT eg mobile TV • Ancillary services can now be offered eg electronic program guide EPG 18 DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION MIGRATION IN ZIMBABWE - CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES