I A-1 Annex A: Glossary • Advanced Communications Networks. Networks that have migrated from traditional circuit-switched technology to packet-switched networks. These include IP networks, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Networks, and Next Generation Networks (NGN). • Advanced Communications Services. networks. Services delivered over advanced communications • ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode. • Broadband. High-speed data transfer connections. For residential users, broadband connections are characterized by higher speeds than dial-up Internet access and are "always on." They can be offered over a variety of fixed networks such as copper networks or fibre optic networks, or over wireless networks such as WiMAX. For enterprise customers, in addition to high-speed Internet connections, broadband can include Asynchronous Transfer Mode or Frame Relay data connections that enable secure managed data services. • Broadcasting. Broadcasting is a process that sends voice, data, or video signals simultaneously to a group in a specific geographic area or to those connected to a broadcast network system such as a satellite or cable television system. Broadcasting is typically associated with radio and television. • Carrier Pre-Selection. Carrier pre-selection allows telephone subscribers to use a long distance and international operator different from the provider of their telephone access, thereby facilitating competition in those services. The long distance provider may bill the subscriber directly or the incumbent may be required to bill the client for a fee. • CEO: Chief Executive Officer • Circuit Switched Network. A type of network in which a physical path is obtained for, and dedicated to, a single connection between two end points in the network for the duration of the connection. This connection is typically used for two-way transmissions such as telephone calls or dial-up Internet access. • Commercial Broadcaster. A broadcaster that is funded solely from private means such as sales and marketing, sponsorships, donations, and merchandising, but not from Government means. Commercial broadcasters are autonomous from Government and have historically operated with complete editorial freedom. • Communications Sector. This refers collectively to the telecommunications, broadcasting, and postal sectors.