Chad 4.9. The training structures offer journalists capacity programs and other opportunities to improve their knowledge. ANALYSIS: There are training courses in news offices, trained journalists provide input and promote on-the-job training within the news desks and offices. In 2002, within the framework of the European Initiative for Democracy, the European Union financed a “Support program for professional betterment of Chadian media” directed by the Research Group and Technology Exchange (RGTE). Thanks to the component of training of trainers, ten local trainers were trained; they joined together in an association of trainers called Media Excel’ Formation (ME’F) which offers courses for the written press and radio news. At the University of N’djamena there is a media department which trains journalists and advisers in business communication, etc. The state does not encourage long training courses. Some media organisations seek scholarships for training opportunities locally and outside (Cameroon, Niger, etc.) In the private media it is difficult to implement such programmes because there is a high staff turnover in the news desks: the media organisations offer opportunities and connections that can be used by journalists as a means of securing academic bursaries and other types of employment. If before the oil boom salaries had an acceptable level, the advent of the oil exploitation created a personnel drain. It is possible to send staff for training courses but they quit their jobs after training (the new collective agreement obliges the employee to remain in his company after training for a period equal to the duration of his training). This might not be reassuring but such rule is taken from the Chadian Labour Law which favours employees. A solution could be found through the implementation of an amicable parting between employee and employer. In the public media, some training courses are not aimed at the institution development but rather The African Media Barometer (AMB) - Chad 2007 73