SECTOR 1 “Callers to phone-in programmes generally identify themselves and speak very openly, and no cases of retribution from the state have been noted in this regard.” This freedom can even extend to “a seeming lack of responsibility sometimes, as the media has peddled untruths”. It was noted that the media is very selective in what it chooses to cover, mostly opting for ‘sexy’ topics that sell, rather than covering all types of news, including NGO issues. However, some panellists felt that fear of repercussions from the state was ‘very real’ in some instances, especially around reporting sensitive topics like corruption. Journalists, especially those operating in rural areas, are reported to face regular harassment and beatings, and have been known to receive death threats from government officials if they expressed opinions in opposition to the political or economic ‘powers that be’. Journalists fear losing their jobs, while media owners fear a loss of advertising, and as such, business interests can override freedom of expression. The fear also extends to private media workers, who fear losing their jobs if they dare to question monopolistic media tycoons. “Some people in Tanzanian society are untouchable – you touch them and you are in trouble.” It was noted that culturally, women are very inhibited in Tanzania, especially in rural areas, and they lack freedom of expression. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 14 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER TANZANIA 2012 3.3 (2010 = 2.0; 2008 = 2.8; 2006 = 1.1)