SECTOR 2 The media landscape, including new media, is characterised by diversity, independence and sustainability. 2.1 A wide range of sources of information (print, broadcasting, internet, mobile phones) is accessible and affordable to citizens. The context of the political and economic crisis, which has been raging since 2009, was one of the contributing factors that triggered the proliferation of newspapers in Madagascar. There are, indeed, a large range of sources of information today with about 30 newspapers regularly being published in Antananarivo, of which less than ten are sent to the other regions and some regional newspapers. Some of these newspapers, such as Ino Vaovao, the Journal de Madagascar (JDM) and the first issue of Viavy Tsara, are in fact free. Besides newspapers focusing predominantly on political news, there are specialised newspapers such as L’emploi de la Nation (employment), Santé hebdo (health), and Viavy Tsara (fashion) targeting a fairly specific readership. With regards to the broadcasting sector as well, new stations are broadcasting from the province, with evangelical radio stations such as Radio Miara-manompo and Radio Soleil in Fianarantsoa. Private radio stations Taratra and Free FM also broadcast in the regions, as do state radios and private television stations TNTV and Dreaming. From the viewpoint of supply, listeners and readers have a fairly large range of products to choose from paired with great accessibility to traditional media. The average price for a newspaper, for example, amounts to 400 Malagasy Ariary (MGA)3 (0.20US$), whereas a transistor radio (from China) costs 10 000 Ariary4 (5US$) and a television 100 000 Ariary (50 US$). At present, close to 30% of all households own a television but pay TV remains largely inaccessible given that at 80 000 Ariary5 (40 US$), a decoder, remains mostly out of reach. With regards to the Internet, quite high connection fees in Internet Cafes in Manakara, 100 Ariary/per minute6 (0.05US$), for example, result in connections 3 4 5 6 80 0,2US$ (1US$ = 2000 Ariary) 0,5US$ 40US$ 0,05US$/per minute AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER MADAGASCAR