SECTOR 2 normal publishing activities and in 1995 its status as an industrial and commercial public institution was restored by decree no. 95-632. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: Score of previous years: ✓ ✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓ ✓ ✓✓ 1.3 2006: n/a; 2008: n/a; 2010: n/a; 2012: n/a; 2016: n/a 2.4 Transparency of ownership of media houses in print/broadcasting is guaranteed by law and enforced Article 102 of the Communication Code states: In any press publication, the following information shall be included in the copies to be published: • the full name of the owner and co-owner of the newspaper company; • the name or corporate name, registered office, legal form and name of the legal representative of the publishing company; • the names of the publishing manager and publishing co-manager; • the name of the editor-in-chief; • the number of circulations, the date of the edition and the vintage; • the printer’s legal deposit number; and • the publisher’s legal deposit number. Any violation of the provisions of this article is punishable by a fine of ariary 1,000,000 (US$267) to ariary 2,000,000 (US$534) against the owner of the company or the publication manager. Panellists felt that although transparency of ownership is guaranteed by law, it is not implemented. Some media outlet owners are members of government, but none of their outlets mention them. 25 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER MADAGASCAR 2019