It is evident from all this that freedom of expression is not fully practised. It is subject
to numerous direct or indirect constraints on the one hand, and the fear of
repercussions that certain publicly revealed information might incite on the other
hand.

SCORES:
Individual scores:

1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 3, 2, 3

Average score:

2.4

1.3 There are no laws restricting freedom of expression such as excessive official
secrets or libel acts, or laws that unreasonably interfere with the responsibilities of
media.

ANALYSIS:
The only admissible restrictions regarding freedom of expression are those listed in
the constitution (respecting the rights of others and maintaining public order) and
specific laws on the press (incitement of discrimination, hatred, violence).
Madagascar does not have any laws regulating official secrets. This situation might
be regarded as favourable for journalists but, in reality, it is a handicap in exercising
their profession. Media have been harassed and pursued for publishing facts that
were not secret but were then qualified as such by public authorities.
SCORES:
Individual scores:

1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 2, 1, 4

Average score:

2.1

1.4.

Entry into and practise of the journalistic profession is legally unrestricted.

ANALYSIS:
No law controls entry into the profession of journalism.
SCORES:
Individual scores:

5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4

Average score:

4.9

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