SECTOR 4 4.9 Media professionals have access to training facilities offering formal qualification programmes as well as opportunities to upgrade skills. A panellist noted that there are five universities and a score of other colleges that offer journalism training. He/she also observed, however, that many private midlevel colleges lacked standard curricula for the study of journalism. At the time of the panel discussion, the MCT was working on establishing standard curricula for all journalism colleges in the country. In the new Information and Broadcasting Policy, the standards for journalism training will also be set. The policy, it was reported, would provide three to four years for journalism students to receive training, after which minimum qualifications would be set for the profession. MISA has also been involved in the training of local journalists. It was stated that journalists are sometimes refused attendance to training programmes by their managers because of shortages in the newsrooms. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator. 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 3.3 (2008 = 2.3; 2006 = 3.2) 4.10 Journalists and other media practitioners are organised in trade unions and/or professional associations. One panellist observed that journalists in Tanzania need to organize themselves in a trade union in order to effectively articulate their needs. It was pointed out, however, that over 68% of journalists in newsrooms were not full time employees, and hence could not organize around a labour union. Another panellist said the country was now undergoing various transformations, including in the 48 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER TANZANIA 2010