SECTOR 1 Future development towards constitutional guarantees of freedom of expression including freedom of the media should take cognizance of relevant regional and international benchmarks. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country minimally meets aspects of the indicator. 3 Country meets many aspects of indicator but progress may be too recent to judge. 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator. 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator and has been doing so over time. Average score: 2.8 (2005=1.8; 2007=2.2) 1.2 The right to freedom of expression is practised and citizens, including journalists, are asserting their rights without fear. Analysis There is visible expanding freedom space, with less government controls. With the Coalition Government, ministerial directives and pronouncements are often contradictory and they are at times influenced by different party interests. This often leads to confusion in the media as to which is the proper official position on given issues. In this connection it should be noted that even the politicians “are now telling off their bosses,” including the President and the Prime Minister. ...even the politicians “are now telling off their bosses” ... Freedom of expression is largely practiced by individual journalists and citizens with the former voicing the latter’s concerns. However, it is noted that both operate with fear. While journalists attempt to practice freedom of expression, they are limited by professional hazards, official threats and media controllers’ interests that lead to self-censorship by the media house gatekeepers. Therefore, while media space is AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER KENYA 2009 11