https://zimbabwe.misa.org

Strategies for Internet Technology
and Digital Rights Reporting

training and also violence against journalists, are routinely flagged by researchers 4. For instance,
Southern Africa countries including Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia feature in consecutive
reports (e.g, the 5State of Internet Freedom Report 2020 and 62019 Digital Rights in Africa report) that
track digital violations, including digital rights related arrests perpetrated by governments. In such
Southern Africa countries, the internet and its usage is increasingly perceived as a threat, leading to
violations of citizens’ digital rights (particularly freedom of expression) and victimisation of actors
(such as journalists and news outlets) who highlight such violations.
Journalism in Southern Africa is also characterised by resource constrained newsrooms, evershifting communication ecologies due to technology, and realignment of the relationship between
producers and consumers of content7. This realignment of the relationship between producers and
consumers of content partly explains why 8journalism today is increasingly provided by a diverse
set of actors both inside and outside of legacy (i.e traditional/mainstream) media organizations. For
instance, researchers found that in mostly Sub-Saharan Africa, non-profit organizations are the
leading voices of specialised journalism (particularly data journalism) often 9negotiating their roles
between activism, advocacy, and journalism. Such non-profit organizations can be key stakeholders
in promoting specialised journalism in internet, technology and digital rights issues. In proffering
strategies to promote specialised journalism in internet, technology and digital rights, the paper
maintains a bias towards mainstream/traditional media (i.e print, radio and television) actors in:
•

assessing the capacity of mainstream media journalists to report on internet, technology and
digital rights issues.

•

considering the challenges encountered by mainstream media journalists in pursuing
specialised journalism focused on internet, technology and digital rights.

•

outlining the roles that various stakeholders can play to influence mainstream media coverage
of internet, technology and digital rights issues in Southern Africa.

4Lublinski, J., Spurk, C., Fleury, J. M., Labassi, O., Mbarga, G., Nicolas, M. L., & Rizk, T. A. (2016). Triggering change–How investigative
journalists in Sub-Saharan Africa contribute to solving problems in society. Journalism, 17(8), 1074-1094.
5See ‘State of Internet Freedom in Africa 2020’ report https://cipesa.org/fifafrica/report-the-state-of-internet-freedom-in- africa-2020/
[Accessed 03 October 2020]
6See ‘Digital rights in Africa Report 2019’, published by Paradigm Initiative https://paradigmhq.org/dra2019/ [Accessed on 16 September
2020]
7Mare, A., Mabweazara, H. M., & Moyo, D. (2019). “Fake News” and Cyber-Propaganda in Sub-Saharan Africa: Recentering the Research
Agenda.
8Cheruiyot, D., Baack, S., & Ferrer-Conill, R. (2019). Data journalism beyond legacy media: The case of African and European civic
technology organizations. Digital Journalism, 7(9), 1215-1229.
9ibid

3

Select target paragraph3