sanctions to deter and discourage abuses and violations related to privacy and data protection. was very controversial and aroused the interest of advocators of freedom of information and access to information in 2023. However, the Cybercrimes Act has been criticised for its stringent nature and is frequently used to infringe upon citizens’ privacy and other digital rights. The Tanzania Digital Rights Coalition, a collective of organisations dedicated to championing digital rights, came out strongly and condemned the statement issued by the Tanzanian Communication Regulatory Authority (TCRA) on 13 October 2023, which imposed restrictions on the use of virtual private networks (VPNs). In 2018, the government introduced online content regulations that pose a threat to the right to privacy and citizens’ freedom of expression. Tanzania’s constitution of 1977 guarantees the right to freedom of opinion and expression, along with the right to seek, receive, and impart information. The coalition firmly asserted that the right to access information, maintain privacy, and express oneself freely on the internet is fundamental to a democratic and inclusive society. While the right to privacy is not absolute, and the government is mandated, under Article 16 (2), to follow legal procedures to limit this right, Tanzania’s implementation of this provision has faced criticism. TCRA’s decision to curtail the use of VPNs in Tanzania carries profound implications for the digital rights and freedoms of citizens. Legislation governing digital rights, such as the Cybercrimes Act, has faced widespread criticism for potentially undermining constitutional guarantees. VPNs play a pivotal role in preserving online privacy, ensuring secure communication, and providing access to information and services that may otherwise be restricted or censored. Laws like the Cybercrimes Act have been employed to prosecute online users expressing criticism towards the president or other influential figures and institutions, and it further criminalises the dissemination of false information. Additionally, VPNs are crucial tools for businesses, researchers, and individuals to securely access online resources and conduct activities without unwarranted interference. A notable consequence of this restriction is the hindrance of access to platforms such as Clubhouse. Moreover, the absence of a well-organised and comprehensive legal framework has left gaps concerning privacy and data protection in Tanzania. The availability of Clubhouse through VPNs has enabled Tanzanian citizens to participate in global conversations, share their perspectives, and engage with a diverse range of ideas. These loopholes have been exploited by the authorities to suppress dissent and violate citizens’ rights. Restricting this access not only stifles freedom of expression, but also impedes opportunities for cultural exchange, learning, and networking. Addressing these issues is crucial to ensure that digital rights guarantees are effectively upheld, especially since concepts like privacy and data protection are relatively new to many Tanzanians. The Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA) has issued a robust directive regarding the use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), targeting both individuals and companies employing VPNs for various purposes. As we are going to the local (2024) and general (2025) elections there is need to make a lot of effort to avoid any misuse of the laws against freedom of the press. Through a public notice released on October 13, 2023, the TCRA VPN Directive mandates all VPN users to provide a comprehensive declaration of their usage, requiring the submission of pertinent information, including Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Digital censorship This move followed a noticeable surge in VPN use to access content prohibited by Tanzanian regulations, prompting speculation about potential influences. Due to the weakness of the laws and policies, there was a communication from the government on the use of digital spaces that 81 STATE OF PRESS FREEDOM IN SOUTHERN AFRICA 2023