Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA), ‘State of the media report: 2020’ https://data.misa.org/en/entity/dgfc1wcg8f. 2 MISA Zimbabwe. ‘Masvingo journalist charged with undermining authority of President’ https://zimbabwe.misa.org/29/06/2020/masvingo-journali st-charged-with-undermining-authority-of-president/. 3 NEWS24, ‘Hopewell Chin'ono arrested for third time in six months’ https://www.news24.com/news24/africa/news/hopewell-c hinono-arrested-for-third-time-in-six-months-20210108. 4 Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA), ‘Zimbabwe Becomes the Latest Country to Shut Down Social Media’ https://cipesa.org/07/2016/zimbabwe-becomes-the-latest-c ountry-to-shut-down-social-media/. 5 NetBlocks, ‘Zimbabwe Internet shudtowns amid fuel price protest’ https://netblocks.org/reports/zimbabwe-internet-shutdown s-amid-fuel-price-protests-OxAGDdBz. 6 MISA Zimbabwe, ‘High Court sets aside internet shutdown directives’ https://zimbabwe.misa.org/21/01/2019/high-court-sets-asi de-internet-shut-down-directives/. 7 Kubatana, ‘The Internet shutdown: The High Court's ruling of 21st January – Court Watch 2019 / 1’ https://kubatana.net/31/01/2019/internet-shutdown-highcourts-ruling-21st-january-court-watch-2019-1/. 8 NewsDay, ‘Lack of internet connectivity affecting govt e-learning programmes’ https://www.newsday.co.zw/06/2021/lack-of-internet-conn ectivity-affecting-govt-e-learning-programmes/. 9 Freedom House, ‘Freedom on the net: Zimbabwe’ https://freedomhouse.org/country/zimbabwe/freedom-net/ 2020#footnote4_t6hpy8i. 10 Business Insider Africa, ‘Internet, mobile call cost in Zimbabwe has gone up by almost 200% since September 1st 2020’ https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/markets/internetmobile-call-cost-in-zimbabwe-has-gone-up-by-almost-200 -since-september-1st/5694mwq. 11 The Standard, ‘Cyber-bullying surges in Zim Lockdown’ https://www.thestandard.co.zw/19/04/2020/cyber-bullying -surges-zim-lockdown/. 12 Zim Metro, ‘Linda becomes victim of cyber bullying, abuse’ https://www.zimetro.co.zw/linda-becomes-victim-of-cyberbullying-abuse/; Spiked, ‘Women in politics must challenge cyberbullying’ https://spiked.co.zw/women-in-politics-must-challenge-cy berbullying/. 13 NewsDay, ‘Zanu PF breaks into Zec database’ https://www.newsday.co.zw/07/2018/zanu-pf-breaks-into-z ec-database/. 14 Citizen Lab, ‘Running in Circles: Uncovering the clients of cyberespionage firm Circles’ https://citizenlab.ca/12/2020/running-in-circles-uncoverin g-the-clients-of-cyberespionage-firm-circles/. 15 Biometric Update, ‘Implementation of CloudWalk facial recognition technology in Zimbabwe progressing in stages’ https://www.biometricupdate.com/201805/implementation -of-cloudwalk-facial-recognition-technology-in-zimbabweprogressing-in-stages. FOOTNOTES 1