SECTOR 1 1.5 Print publications are not required to obtain permission to publish from state authorities. Previously, under the second Republic, news articles were submitted directly to the Minster of the Interior who approved their publication. Today, this is no longer the case, as censorship no longer exists. On the other hand, establishing a newspaper is subject to a compulsory declaration made at the State Prosecutor’s office containing details of the newspaper’s management as well as those of the editor-in-chief of the publication. It thus does not pertain to obtaining an authorisation, but rather making a declaration. A copy of every new title also has to be deposited with the National Library. For every issue, twenty copies need to be filed at the Ministry of Communication. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 4.6 (2012 = 2.1, 2010 = 5.0, 2008 = n/a, 2006 = n/a) 1.6 Confidential sources of information are protected by law and/or the courts. In principle, the law covers the confidentiality of sources but in practice, tribunals may demand that such sources be made known, should the judge consider the case at hand to be of national importance. Journalists do not perceive the right of the protection of one’s sources to be in jeopardy, but they do acknowledge that the judiciary could more or less oblige them to reveal their sources. AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER MADAGASCAR 2016 69