However, in a follow up interview all the respondents said the policy existed in their newsrooms not as a stand alone policy but is incorporated in an overarching editorial policy. They revealed that all staff members are required to follow these ethical guidelines when executing their duty. This study also established that broadcasting media organisations relied on the ethical guidelines set by Zambia's Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA). i. Artificial intelligence policy The survey addressed both the use of AI in newsrooms as well as policies that govern it within newsrooms. No newsrooms had policies in place, but 57% indicated that they use AI tools in their newsroom. How newsrooms leverage AI in their work. ( Source: CivicSignal Media Data) Of the 57%, 24 % said they used AI tools to analyse images and videos for news articles, while 19% used it for content creation. A further 14% indicated they use it to generate short news articles, 13% to identify news patterns and trends, while 3% used it for automatic news generation. For newsrooms to fully leverage AI in their work, they should ensure to have this policy in place, adhere to its guidelines and also understand how it affects their work. Lack of this policy exposes the media organisations to serious institutional damage as they may not be sure of the intentions of service providers and may be prone to surveillance which in turn may lead to media capture. Yet newsrooms are already affected by the algorithms that control AI which determine how and which news gets to the audience. Cite this report as: Mwale et al, 'Transparency and trust: newsroom policies in Zambia', African Data and Democracy Observatory, April 2023. . 9 9