SECTOR 4 4.6 All journalists and editors do NOT practise selfcensorship According to panellists, the tone and style of commentary and news reporting have changed over the years as journalists become more aware of possible reprisals for their work. After it was banned twice, panellists said they noticed a change of tone with Mwananchi Communications, which publishes the Citizen and its sister Swahili newspaper, Mwananchi, newspapers known for critical reporting. Self-censorship is widespread. ‘There are certain stories I will not approach with a ten-foot pole,’ said a journalist in the panel. ‘Some personalities have disappeared from my pieces.’ Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: Score of previous years: ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓✓ ✓ ✓✓ ✓ 1.8 2006: 2.1; 2008: 2; 2010: 1.5; 2012: 1.8; 2015: 2.3 4.7 Media professionals have access to training facilities offering formal qualification programmes as well as opportunities to upgrade skills Many opportunities exist for journalism training in Tanzania. Some universities that offer degrees in journalism include: The University of Dar es Salaam, St. Augustine University of Tanzania, Tumaini University (both Dar es Salaam and Iringa Colleges), Muslim University of Morogoro and Open University of Tanzania. In addition to universities, an increasing number of colleges offer non-graduate diplomas and certificates in journalism. However, panellists said the quality of training students receive could be improved. It was stated that most university lecturers have never practised journalism and have no experience in news writing and news gathering. Other opportunities are found outside the school system. Daily News, the staterun newspaper, frequently sends journalists to China thanks to a partnership with the Chinese government. Organisations like UNESCO have been involved in training and mentoring community radios and are building partnerships with journalism schools to develop e-learning programmes. Other major actors include BBC Media Action, which is involved in media development in Tanzania. 50 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER TANZANIA 2019