Botswana 4.9 Training facilities offer formal qualification programmes for journalists as well as opportunities to upgrade their skills. ANALYSIS: Short-term training is available and MISA informs media houses regularly on such opportunities. Many students were trained in media all over the world on government scholarships and locally at the University of Botswana. In addition there have also been many short courses offered by several institutions in the region. At the moment, there are even too many journalism graduates in the country and not enough full-time jobs available for them. In spite of the various training options available, these do not seem to be making much impact. Journalists are either not actively seeking out these opportunities or they are not being taught appropriate skills. There also does not seem to be a culture of journalists challenging themselves to perform better. SCORING: Individual scores: 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3 Average score: 3.8 4.10 (2005 = 4.0) Journalists and other media practitioners are organized in trade unions and/or professional associations. ANALYSIS: Some of the old media organizations like the Botswana Journalists Association or the Botswana Press Club seem to have collapsed or are dysfunctional. However, apart from the Botswana MISA chapter and the Botswana Media Women’s Association, there are also African Media Barometer - Botswana 2007 45