ship publications and a valuable resource on media freedom in southern Africa for activists, students, journalists, academics, policy makers and members of the public around the world. The African Media Barometer The African Media Barometer (AMB) is an in-depth and comprehensive description and measurement system for national media environments on the African continent. Unlike other press surveys or media indices, the AMB is a self-assessment exercise based on home-grown criteria derived from African Protocols and Declarations like the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa (2002) by the ACHPR. The instrument was jointly developed by fesmedia Africa, the Media Project of the Friedrich-EbertStiftung (FES) in Africa, and MISA in 2004 and is an analytical exercise to measure the media situation in a given country, which also serves as a practical lobbying tool for media reform. 20 In 2013, MISA and FES partnered to conduct AMBs in Zambia and South Africa. The results of each study were presented to their publics to push for an improvement of the media situation using the African Union Declaration and other African standards as benchmarks. MISA and its Chapter offices and representatives in Zambia and South Africa are integrating the recommendations of these studies into our advocacy efforts. Freedom of expression in cyberspace: assessing the relationship between human rights, privacy laws and regulations In 2013, MISA partnered with Privacy International – a UK-based organisation dealing with privacy and surveillance issues – to conduct a survey on freedom of expression in cyberspace to explore how aware journalists and bloggers are of the risks and threats they face when using digital and mobile technology.