SECTOR 4 Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 2.5 (2012 = 2.3; 2010 = 2.2; 2008 = 2.3; 2006 = 2.2) 4.5 Journalists and media houses have integrity and are not corrupt. As discussed previously in indicator 4.1, the environment in which the Tanzanian media operates is conducive to encouraging corrupt practices, particularly in the form of cash bribes, or “brown envelopes”. As a result, journalists are generally not considered to have integrity. “This practice is so common among journalists and sources that there is a sense that it is not corruption, not grand corruption anyway. It is also known as business or political ‘facilitation’. The practice does not only happen in the media: corruption is endemic to Tanzania, and it doesn’t just emanate from the state. You could write a book about it!” An agreement among members of the Media Owners Association stipulates that if a journalist is proven to be guilty of corruption by one media house and fired, they will not be employed by another member of the association. Panellists could not agree on whether this was enforced, however, as there were reported incidences of television reporters being found guilty of corrupt practices and then being hired by another television station. 62 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER Tanzania 2015