Freedom of Information (c) information supplied in confidence by a third party the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected— (i) to put that third party at a disadvantage in contractual or other negotiations; or (ii) to prejudice that third party in commercial competition. (3) The information officer shall not refuse to provide information in terms of subsection (1) or (2) if that information consists of information— (a) already publicly available; or (b) about a third party who has consented in terms of section 33(2) or otherwise in writing to its disclosure to the applicant concerned; or (c) the disclosure of which would facilitate accountability and transparency of decisions taken by an entity, other than preliminary results of any tests, research, preparations or other investigations conducted for the purpose of developing any policy; or (d) which relates to the expenditure of public funds; or (e) the disclosure of which would reveal misconduct or deception. 23 (1) Subject to subsection (2), an information officer— (a) shall refuse a request for access to information of the entity if the disclosure of the information would constitute a breach of a duty of confidence owed to a third party in terms of any agreement; or (b) may refuse a request for access to information of the entity if the information consists of information that was supplied in confidence by a third party and the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to prejudice the future supply of similar information or information from the same source. 15 20 25 30 Protection of safety of individuals and property (1) An information officer of an entity shall refuse a request for access to any information of the entity if the disclosure could reasonably be expected to endanger the life or physical safety of an individual. (2) An information officer of an entity may refuse a request for access to information of the entity if its disclosure would be likely to prejudice or impair— (a) the security of any property whatsoever; or (b) the methods, systems, plans or procedures for the protection any property whatsoever; (c) the safety of the public or any section of the public. 25 10 Protection of certain other confidential information of third party (2) Information may not be refused in terms of subsection (1) to the extent that it consists of information— (a) already publicly available; or (b) about a third party who has consented in terms of section 33(2) or otherwise in writing to its disclosure to the applicant concerned. 24 5 35 40 Protection of information in bail proceedings, law enforcement and other legal proceedings (1) An information officer of a public entity, public commercial entity or holder of a statutory office— 14 45