All intermediaries should: • • • • Internalise and apply the “Respect, Protect and Remedy” framework to fulfil their duties to uphold human rights, including in relation to the Internet and digital technologies. Respect human rights to the fullest extent possible. For example, where faced with government demands which would violate human rights, companies should interpret government demands as narrowly as possible, seek clarification of the scope and legal foundation for such demands, require a court order before meeting government requests, and communicate transparently with users about risks and compliance with government demands. Invest in online tools, software and applications that enhance local and intercultural content exchange, and simplify the exchange of information across language barriers; Publish transparency reports on government requests for user data, content removal, network disruptions, and compliance rates on a regular basis. All company policies on privacy and data protection, including data retention rates and breach notification policies, should be translated to local languages and easily accessible on the company’s country-level website. Technical communities should: • • • Innovate and develop open source software, open data, and open educational resources relevant to African users; Engage actively in the multistakeholder processes that deal with human rights as well as Internet governance in Africa and provide policy inputs to Internet-related issues; Ensure African participation in the development of open standards. Academic, research and training institutions in Africa should: • • • Actively respect and promote the open standards of the Internet in terms of the technical architecture and design of the Internet; Integrate courses on Internet rights and freedoms in their curriculum; Promote and contribute to the development of local content, particularly content that fosters • • the use of the Internet by marginalised groups and communities; Proactively engage in the generation of scientific evidence on Internet rights and freedoms in Africa; Promote and participate in the reinforcement of Africa’s capacity to contribute content and expertise in global, regional and national Internet development and policy forums.