STATE OF THE MEDIA IN ZAMBIA STATE OF THE MEDIA IN ZAMBIA TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................... 3 1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4 2.0 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 4 3.0 Executive Summary of Media Events During The Second Quarter .................................... 4 4.0 Findings – Overview ............................................................................................................ 5 4.1 Policy and Statutory Framework ......................................................................................... 5 4.1.1. Self-Regulation of the media ...................................................................................... 5 4.1.2. Media Licensing .......................................................................................................... 9 4.1.3. Freedom of Expression ............................................................................................. 10 4.1.4 Access to Information Bill (ATI) ................................................................................ 12 4.1.5. Digital Migration and Cyber Space Regulation ........................................................ 13 4.2. Legal and Political Environment ...................................................................................... 14 4.2.1 Attacks ......................................................................................................................... 14 4.2.2 Lawsuits ...................................................................................................................... 17 4.2.3. Censored ..................................................................................................................... 19 4.2.4 Monitoring/Surveillance.............................................................................................. 17 4.2.5. Harassment/Intimidation ............................................................................................ 22 5.0. Freedom of expression – mainstream media/cyber space................................................. 24 5.1. Economic, Health and Technological Environment .................................................... 26 6.0. Fake News ......................................................................................................................... 29 7.0. Positive developments ...................................................................................................... 30 8.0. Negative developments ..................................................................................................... 31 9.0. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 32 10.0. Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 32 11.0 Appendices ....................................................................................................................... 33 11.1. Notable Events in the Quarter .................................................................................... 33 11.2. MISA Zambia Alerts Trends ...................................................................................... 34 2