SECTOR 1

an implicit recognition of the media’s watchdog role. However, the media have
been unable to invoke the provision as a protective shield as it is contained in
Chapter Two of the constitution, which is titled “Fundamental Objectives and
Directive Principles of State Policy”. Provisions in this chapter are regarded as mere
statements of objectives, which, according to provisions in Section 6(6) (c) of the
same constitution, cannot be litigated upon in any court in Nigeria.
Beyond the constitution, several other Acts, laws and legislatives instruments
regulate freedom of expression and media operations. These instruments
principally operationalise constitutional provisions and convey the spirit of the
supreme law.

Scores:
Individual scores:
1

Country does not meet indicator

2

Country meets only a few aspects of indicator

3

Country meets some aspects of indicator

4

Country meets most aspects of indicator

5

Country meets all aspects of the indicator

Average score:

3.2 (2008: 2.3; 2011: 3.5)

1.2 The right to freedom of expression is practised and
citizens, including journalists, are asserting their rights
without fear.
Nigerians are outspoken by nature. In the age of talk shows, phone-in radio
programs and social media, people easily find space to express their opinions,
which often include harsh criticism of the Government and other powerful
interests. As a general rule, “Nigerians like to be free and can say anything they
want.”
However, this is not always without consequence. There is a good supply of
evidence of government officials, security forces and even private citizens
harassing members of the public and journalists for the views they express. This
comes in the form of threats and other psychological intimidation, or as physical
assault.
Citizens are comparatively freer to speak their minds than journalists. This might
be for the simple reason that attacks on journalists often happen in the public
domain and are relayed in media reporting. For example, a governor in Enugu

AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER NIGERIA 2015

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