SECTOR 4 4.5 Journalists and editors do not practise self– censorship. “Self-censorship is the order of the day at state-run media houses.” “Self-censorship is the order of the day at state-run media houses. It is part of the working environment.” It was noted that this is particularly intense since the current Director of Broadcast Services came on board three years ago. With previous directors, state media “could exercise professionalism, despite the political leadership”. Generally, private media is less prone to self-censorship, but threats from government or advertisers, who are being pressured by government officials, may encourage journalists to tone down critical reporting. “The MPA is quite a punitive piece of legislation, and therefore could lead to private media self-censorship in future or at least a toning-down.” There are also very punitive defamation laws in existence, which encourage self-censorship, and the Sunday Standard, for one, has been hard hit by such lawsuits in the past. A lack of credible proof also means editors may decide not to run with a particular story. “What journalists write is always influenced by culture and political hierarchy.” Culture also plays a prominent role when it comes to selfcensorship. “Journalists are afraid to be too critical and they avoid certain topics, which may offend the elders. What journalists write is always influenced by culture and political hierarchy.” AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER BOTSWANA 2011 57