SECTOR 4 Beyond these two university offerings, for degree programmes students may travel outside the country (particularly to South Africa) for their studies. Neither university offers short courses or certification programmes for media practitioners. Outside of formal degree programmes some media houses provide in-house training, however, panellists described this as rather basic – generally, they do not provide support to journalists who wish to attain further training. ‘For further training, you need to do it on your own, cover your training costs and to take leave or resign.’ A few media advocacy groups and civil society organisations provide occasional short courses in certain aspects related to their work, although these do not often happen due to limited funding. ‘MISA used to offer training, but hasn’t done so in recent times due to funding issues.’ ‘Civil society used to provide some training on key issues such as climate change etc. but with the weakening of civil society in general and with the drying up of funding, they are no longer able to do so. This absence of training clearly shows in the reporting.’ The Swaziland Community Radio Multimedia Network has worked with Bush Radio (based in Cape Town, South Africa) to provide capacity building to volunteers at community radio stations in ICT; in Lubombo – an IT (Information Technology) programme is being run specifically for journalists and the community. Through its Centre’s of Excellence programme, Gender Links has also worked with various media houses to provide training on gender mainstreaming in the media and on developing gender policies. It also has a programme with the public broadcasters – SBIS and Swazi TV. It is important to note that the Council of Churches has engaged SNAJ (with funding from the Canadian government) about helping media houses to better report on human rights issues and to help communities better understand the role of the media. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 56 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER ESWATINI 2018 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓✓✓✓ 3.0 (2005: 1.9; 2007: 3.8; 2009: 2.1; 2011: 3.3; 2014: 2.9)