SECTOR 2 In practice, the panel participants unanimously recognise that the practice of nominees exists in several known cases: Siweul, Océan FM, Le Pays, Première Ligne, etc. However, they point out that it is difficult to furnish proof of the existence of this practice. As one of the panel members said, “Before, it was flagrantly obvious from the content; now, it is more subtle”. Nevertheless, one of the panellists find it worrying that about ten newspapers did not survive the transition from the previous government to the present regime on 25 March 2013, following the presidential election. These newspapers closed the same evening, when their printer –Tandian Printers – refused to print them before being paid “cash on the nail”. Another panellist recalled however that the practice dates back before these last few years. Every time the elections draw near, newspapers are created by political players, “and that goes back a long way,” he stated. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 2.1 (2010:n/a; 2008:n/a; 2006:n/a) 2.5 Adequate competition legislation/regulation seeks to prevent media concentration and monopolies. The members of the panel confirm that, in the interests of transparency, the Senegalese legislator has prohibited all forms of concentration – be it horizontal or vertical – or nominee in the media sector. Law 96-04 leaves no room for doubt on the subject: “no natural or legal person of Senegalese nationality may own or become a majority shareholder of more than three organs of social communication. Natural or legal persons of foreign nationality may own or be majority shareholders of only one organ of social communication”.13 13 Article 4, Section 1 (Of ownership). 90 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER SENEGAL 2013