SECTOR 3 Broadcasting regulation is transparent and independent; the State broadcaster is transformed into a truly public broadcaster. 3.1 Broadcasting legislation has been passed and is implemented that provides for a conducive environment for public, commercial and community broadcasting. The broadcasting sector is regulated by the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) Act; Act 16 of 1987, and the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) Act; Act 17 of 2002. Amendments to the ZNBC Act were made in 2002, authorising the minister of Information and Broadcasting Services to appoint the ZNBC Board without seeking nominations from an appointment committee, as initially was the case. In the same way, in 2010, the IBA Act was amended to remove the establishment of an appointment committee and granting the minister powers of direct appointment of the IBA Board, which is responsible for issuing licences. The independence of both boards is, therefore, contentious and questionable. The IBA Act does provide for a three-tier system of public, commercial and community broadcasting service. An argument was made that when looking at the sheer number of broadcasters, one has to say that there is a conducive environment for public, private and community broadcasters. Others argued that “the number [of broadcasters] mushroomed before the amendment” to the IBA Act was made. 46 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER ZAMBIA 2017