SECTOR 1 but the case could not go to court. The police have also tried to use this law to provoke fear. A panellist pointed out, however, that “because the guarantee of freedom of expression is essentially coming from the constitution, although there are issues in the Criminal Code, ultimately, by and large, the constitution promotes freedom of expression because the Criminal Code can’t override the constitution.” Further, Article 164 of the Constitution qualifies Articles 162 and 163 by noting that: “The provisions of articles 162 and 163 of this Constitution are subject to laws that are reasonably required in the interest of national security, public order, public morality and for the purpose of protecting the reputations, rights and freedoms of other persons.” The constitution does not specifically define ‘public interest’. Panellists noted that the absence of a specific law restricting freedom of expression “does not mean that there are not any factors present that interfere with freedom of expression”, noting that it should not be ignored that other factors exist that may impose certain restrictions on freedom of expression; including societal issues, low literacy rates, etc. “There are invisible values that are set as ways of living, and we need to reconcile the two.” There are no laws that restrict entry into the journalistic profession, and the Ghana Journalist Association (GJA) has supported the notion that no law should be created to this effect. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 16 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER GHANA 2017 4.1 (2006:n/a; 2008:n/a; 2011:n/a; 2013:4.0)