SECTOR 4 Freelance journalists in Zambia are also not in any organised group and thus have no association that could negotiate rates with media houses. Freelancers are very poorly paid, with no benefits. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator. 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 2.0 (2005 = n/a; 2007 = n/a; 2009 = 2.2) 4.9 Media professionals have access to training facilities offering formal qualification programmes as well as opportunities to upgrade skills. As was mentioned in the 2009 report, formal journalism training is provided at three main institutions: the Department of Mass Communication at the University of Zambia, which offers a four-year Bachelor of Professional Communication (BMC) degree, as well as masters and doctoral programmes; Evelyn Hone College (EHC), which offers a one-year certificate and a three-year diploma course; and the Zambia Institute of Mass Communications (ZAMCOM), which provides certificate and diploma-level training. The privately run Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation offers a two-year diploma course in media studies, while the Africa Literature Centre offers a certificate in journalism. Within newsroom, The Post has its own in-house training school and new staff members are given a three-week orientation course. Transparency International Zambia (TIZ) last conducted an investigative journalism course in 2009. The Bank of Zambia runs economic/financial journalism courses. “The University of Zambia offers quality teaching, but we find that once the graduates get into the newsrooms, it is not so professional.” 64 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER ZAMBIA 2011