SECTOR 4 4.9 Media professionals have access to training facilitates offering formal qualification programmes as well as opportunities to upgrade skills. Of the total FCFA 350 million (US$ 700 000) granted by the state to the media sector, roughly a hundred million have been allocated to training: 50 million for formal training, 25 million for on-the-job training in newsrooms and editorial departments, and 20 million for topic-specific training in the form of seminars. Both the Institut des Sciences de l’Information, de la Communication et des Arts (ISICA - institute of information sciences, communication and the arts) and the Ecole Supérieure des Techniques des Arts et de la Communication (ESTAC – technical college for arts and communication) have benefited from this assistance from the public purse. With regard to in-house training, reference was made in particular to training sessions organised by Indépendent Express for its journalists and the technical training and capacity building offered by national television TVT for its technicians. Professional organisations and unions are also trying to help train their members. One example is UJIT which, since its formation in 1993, has been cooperating with the Ebert Foundation to provide training for its members in the areas of copy writing, investigation and reporting. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 132 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER TOGO 2010 3.3