SECTOR 3 Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 2.3 3.2 Broadcasting is regulated by an independent body adequately protected by law against interference whose board is appointed - in an open way - involving civil society and not dominated by any particular political party. The High Authority of Broadcasting and Communication (HAAC) is responsible for the regulation of the broadcasting sector in Togo. The HAAC is a constitutional body and an institution of the Republic whose composition, organisation and operation are defined by law. According to the constitution, the HAAC is tasked to guarantee the freedom and protection of the press and other mass media, uphold respect for ethical standards in the information and communication sector, and ensure equitable access to the public media by political parties and associations. The authority also grants licences for the establishment of new private radio and television stations. The HAAC’s founding act in its first article states that the regulatory body “is an institution independent from any administrative authority, any political power or political party, or any association or pressure group.” In order to safeguard the independence of the HAAC, members must not hold any elective mandate, be office bearers of a political party or other association, or be in the employ of the civil service or exercise any other profession. In order to exclude any potential conflict of interest, they are also prohibited by law from holding shares or any other interests in media, film, advertising or telecommunications companies. Members of the authority are sworn in before the Supreme Court and pledge that they will perform their duties independently and impartially. In addition, the legislature has decided that the mandate of HAAC members cannot be terminated. AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER TOGO 2010 111